How to encrypt data using openssl

openssl enc -e -aes256 -k '<passphrase>' -in <decrypted_file.txt> -out <encrypted_file.txt>

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How to wipe disk using linux on a pendrive?

-> https://www.debian.org/CD/faq/#write-usb

After a booting Debian from usb please check what You have on Your computer:

blkid

Next you can use linux to wipe data from hard disk:

dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdX bs=1M; sync
where X is drive in linux system ie /dev/sda

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How to upgrade from Debian 10 to Debian 11

Whats new in Debian 11?

-> https://www.debian.org/releases/bullseye/amd64/release-notes/ch-whats-new.en.html

For the security reasons please backup before procedding with upgrade.

Make sure You have upgraded your debian distribution to the latest old-stable release. Run following commands from the console:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

If you are up-to-date with Debian 10 distribution you can proced to the next chapter:

Upgrade to Debian 11:

First edit with your favorite editor the /etc/apt/sources.list file. You can change the file also with sed command:

sed -i 's/buster\/updates/bullseye-security/g;s/buster/bullseye/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

After that you are able to upgrade to the Debian 11 system by running following commands:

apt-get update

apt-get upgrade

apt-get dist-upgrade

Next we must reboot into new system 🙂

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How to upgrade from Debian 9 to Debian 10

Whats new in Debian 10?

  • UEFI Secure Boot
  • AppArmor enabled per default
  • Optional hardening of APT
  • Unattended-upgrades for stable point releases
  • Substantially improved man pages for German speaking users
  • Network filtering based on nftables framework by default
  • Cryptsetup defaults to on-disk LUKS2 format
  • Driverless printing with CUPS 2.2.10
  • Basic support for Allwinner A64 based devices
  • News from Debian Med Blend
  • GNOME defaults to Wayland
  • Merged /usr on fresh installs
  • News from Debian Live team

For the security reasons please backup before procedding with upgrade.

Make sure You have upgraded your debian distribution to the latest old-stable release. Run following commands from the console:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get upgrade

If you are up-to-date with Debian 9 distribution you can proced to the next chapter:

Upgrade to Debian 10:

First edit with your favorite editor the /etc/apt/sources.list file. You can change the file also with sed command:

sed -i ‘s/stretch/buster/g’ /etc/apt/sources.list

After that you are able to upgrade to the Debian 10 system by running following commands:

apt-get update

apt-get upgrade

apt-get dist-upgrade

antispam apache2 callout cd commands database Debian debian 9 debian 10 domain domain-hosting exim fpm hosting how to https imap imaps ksh lenovo linux logging mail man MySQL nginx php poland pop pop3 pop3s price prize server snoopy sr635 system think thinksystem update upgrade users VDI web www